Diaphragm/cap¹

What is the diaphragm/cap?

The diaphragm/cap is a barrier method of contraception that you insert into the vagina to cover the entrance to the womb before having intercourse and should be used with a spermicide cream or gel. It prevents sperm from reaching the uterus while the spermicide cream or gel applied to the diaphragm/cap before insertion kills the sperm.

The diaphragm/cap:

• Must be fitted by a health professional initially
• Must be left in place for at least 6 hours, but not longer than 30 hours, after intercourse

How effective is it?

Used properly, (diaphragm/cap is fitted properly and used with spermicide) it can be effective in 92-96% of women depending on what type is used and whether you use spermicide.

In practice it is only 80% effective, but when used in conjuction with spermicide, effectiveness increases.

What are the benefits?

• Can help to prevent against cancer of the cervix

Are there any side effects?

• Involves forward planning or interruption of intercourse
• Sometimes sensitivity to the spermicides or allergies to the latex in the Diaphragm / Cap may occur
• The diaphragm/cap may also increase the risk of urinary tract infections
• If you lose or gain weight the diaphragm/cap may no longer fit

What are the drawbacks?

• Putting it in at the time of sex can be an interruption
• Some people find spermicide messy
• It can take time to learn how to use it
• Cystitis can be a problem

What do I do if I want to become pregnant?

If you want to start trying for a baby, you can stop using Diaphragms / Caps at any time. It is advisable to start pre-pregnancy care such as taking folic acid and stopping smoking as soon as you decide to try for a baby.

1. NHS direct. Health encyclopedia – diaphragm and caps